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Law and ethics.

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" Cheating is deeply embedded in everyday life. The costs of the most common forms of cheating total close to a trillion dollars annually. Part of the problem is that many individuals fail to see such behavior as a serious problem. "Everyone does it" is a common rationalization, and one that comes uncomfortably close to the truth. That perception is also self-perpetuating. The more that individuals believe that cheating is widespread, the easier it becomes to justify. Yet what is most notable about analysis of the problem is how little there is of it. Whether or not Americans are cheating more, they appear to be worrying about it less. In Cheating, eminent legal scholar Deborah L. Rhode offers the only recent comprehensive account of cheating in everyday life and the strategies necessary to address it. Because cheating is highly situational, Rhode drills down on its most common forms in sports, organizations, taxes, academia, copyright infringement, marriage, and insurance and mortgages. Cheating also reviews strategies necessary to address the pervasiveness and persistence of cheating in these contexts. We clearly need more cultural reinforcement of ethical conduct. Efforts need to begin early, with values education by parents, teachers, and other role models who can display and reinforce moral behaviors. Organizations need to create ethical cultures, in which informal norms, formal policies, and reward structures all promote integrity. People also need more moral triggers that remind them of their own values. Equally important are more effective enforcement structures, including additional resources and stiffer sanctions. Finally, all of us need to take more responsibility for combatting cheating. We need not only to subject our own conduct to more demanding standards, but also to assume a greater obligation to prevent and report misconduct. Sustaining a culture that actively discourages cheating is a collective responsibility, and one in which we all have a substantial stake. "-- "Cheating is deeply embedded in everyday life. Costs attributable to its most common forms total close to a trillion dollars annually. This book offers the only recent comprehensive account of cheating in everyday life and the strategies necessary to address it across a wide range of contexts: sports, organizations, taxes, academia, copyright infringement, marriage, and insurance and mortgages"--

Law and ethics. --- Cheating.

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Law and ethics. --- Education --- Philosophy.

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Qu'est-ce que le positivisme? Le positivisme juridique en est-il une declinaison? Sinon, quels rapports celui-ci entretient-il avec celui-là? Du reste, faut-il parler "du" ou "des" positivismes juridiques? Quels sont les enjeux politiques de l'adoption de la position positiviste ou d'une position positiviste donnee par le juriste? En se focalisant sur le xx e siecle où la pensee juridique a pour ainsi dire eclate, ce livre ambitionne de repondre à ces questions par la these selon laquelle il n'a pas existe un, mais plusieurs positivismes juridiques, certains concevant le droit comme un fait, d'autres comme une norme; certains adoptant une position explicative ou descriptive, d'autres une position normative. Leur examen sera l'occasion d'une evaluation des tentatives d'etude du droit comme fait ainsi que d'une interrogation sur le rapport du droit à l'État. Se poseront alors la question du pluralisme juridique et de sa relation avec l'ideal de l'État de droit et celle de l'interêt d'adopter une nouvelle grille de lecture de l'histoire de la philosophie du droit.

Law and ethics. --- Legal positivism.

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Die Frage nach der Verbindlichkeit des Rechts, die Frage also, ob dem Recht über seine äußere Zwangsgewalt hinaus eine verpflichtende Kraft zukomme, versteht sich nicht von selbst. Hat der aus der Trennung von Recht und Moral entspringende Rechtspositivismus doch zu der These geführt, daß das Recht – rein rechtlich betrachtet – zu nichts verpflichte. Das widerspricht allerdings den vorherrschenden sozialen Anschauungen. Sie verlangen folglich nach einer Begründung für den dem Recht zugeschriebenen Anspruch verbindlicher Maßgeblichkeit. Demgemäß ranken sich um die Idee solcher Normativität des Rechts Vorstellungen, Bilder und Begriffe, die eine innere Bindung durch Recht plausibel zu machen suchen. Es wird gezeigt, daß sich diese Konnotationen der Idee der Rechtsverbindlichkeit auf drei Grundfiguren zurückführen lassen, die der Grammatik der persönlichen Fürwörter korrespondieren.Der Autor ist Professor für Öffentliches Recht, Rechts- und Staatsphilosophie an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.

Law and ethics. --- Customary law. --- Obedience (Law)